From Cybernetics to the Trust Crisis in the Information Age
The advent of the AI era has brought unprecedented opportunities and challenges. The explosion of information has confronted humanity with the daunting task of processing and trusting vast amounts of data. Traditional trust mechanisms, such as centralized institutions and social consensus, are increasingly inadequate in addressing the complexities of our evolving landscape. AI algorithms, centered around large language models, are iterating at an unstoppable pace, and various AI derivatives are inevitably permeating every aspect of human life. However, behind this rapid development, are we truly prepared to handle the ensuing trust crisis?
As far back as science fiction writer Isaac Asimov, in I, Robot, foresaw that central control systems might surpass the 'Three Laws of Robotics” and pose a threat to humanity. As near as the insightful scholar, Yuval Noah Harari, raised similar concerns, questioning,
“Can we trust computer algorithms to make wise decisions and create a better world?”
These apprehensions reflect a growing distrust in centralized authority and algorithmic decision-making. In this context, the importance of decentralized trust becomes paramount. The pressing question is: How can we establish reliable systems without a central authority?
To address this issue, we need to draw upon new theoretical frameworks, and cybernetics precisely offers the crucial insights required.
Cybernetics and the Theoretical Foundation of Bitcoin
Norbert Wiener, the father of cybernetics, delved into the control and communication of systems in his seminal work Cybernetics, emphasizing the critical role of feedback
mechanisms in maintaining system stability. His core ideas—self-organizing systems,
nonlinear dynamics, and the exploration of life's essence—provide a robust theoretical foundation for understanding Bitcoin's success.
Bitcoin's adaptive mechanical consensus is a practical embodiment of Wiener's cybernetic principles, showcasing the capabilities of self-regulation and self-organization within a system. Through Proof of Work (PoW) and dynamic difficulty adjustments, the Bitcoin network achieves a high degree of decentralized control, ensuring the system's security and stability. This mechanism not only aligns with information theory's principles regarding data transmission and trust establishment but also offers a novel solution to the trust crisis in the information age.
The Essence of Blockchain: Decentralized Control, NOT Computational Power
Currently, many blockchain projects overly emphasize computational metrics like Transactions Per Second (TPS), attempting to capture market share by enhancing performance. However, this pursuit of computational power overlooks the core value of blockchain technology. The true revolutionary aspect of blockchain lies in its realization
of Decentralized Control. Through adaptive mechanical consensus, it addresses trust and collaboration issues that traditional centralized systems cannot effectively manage.
For instance, Bitcoin's success does not stem from its computational prowess. In fact, the Bitcoin network's transaction processing capacity is relatively limited. Its core value lies in achieving a trust mechanism without the need for centralized institutions through decentralized control. This mechanism enables participants within the network to conduct secure transactions and collaborations without requiring mutual trust. The establishment of this trust relies on rigorous cryptographic algorithms and consensus protocols rather than the enhancement of computational speed.
In contrast, some blockchain projects that emphasize high TPS may have performance advantages but lack robust decentralized control, making it difficult to establish a stable foundation of trust. This is akin to constructing a skyscraper without a solid foundation— it may appear impressive but is ultimately unsustainable.
Bitcoin's Adaptive Mechanical Consensus: The Lifeblood of the Digital World
Bitcoin's adaptive mechanical consensus functions as the "Mechanical Heart" of the digital realm, endowing the network with capabilities of self-regulation, self-organization, and self-evolution. Miners, motivated by Bitcoin rewards, invest substantial computational power to participate in the Proof of Work competition. This mechanism not only secures the network but also creates a self-reinforcing cycle: increased miner participation leads to higher total network hash rate, elevated mining difficulty, further strengthened consensus mechanisms, and consequently, an increase in Bitcoin's value, attracting even more miners.
This virtuous cycle exemplifies the characteristics of a self-organizing system. The network's stability and security do not depend on any centralized entity but are achieved through the collective competition and collaboration of participants. Bitcoin's consensus mechanism not only resolves the Byzantine Generals Problem in distributed systems but also demonstrates the complexity and emergent behaviors inherent in nonlinear systems.
Mathematician Alan Turing believed that thought ultimately arises from mechanical processes in the brain. In contrast, logician Kurt Go del argued that reducing thought to mere mechanical processes was a misunderstanding. He believed human thought possesses depths and complexities beyond the reach of machines, especially in aspects like intuition, insight, and consciousness.
However, Satoshi Nakamoto's Bitcoin offers a new perspective on this debate. By implementing adaptive mechanical consensus, it demonstrates that machines can possess abilities akin to human thought. This "Mechanical Heart" allows the Bitcoin network to self-regulate and evolve, exhibiting characteristics similar to living organisms. While Bitcoin's "thinking" ability is limited to expressing BTC transfers and UTXO state changes, it represents an initial manifestation of machine cognition.
If we further contemplate designing a universal "Mechanical Heart" (adaptive mechanical consensus), we could potentially construct mechanical adaptive control systems capable of expressing a multitude of concepts. This would have profound implications for the development of artificial intelligence, possibly propelling it forward in ways Go del and Turing envisioned.
In both biological and mechanical systems, functions can be divided into three parts: sensors for communication, the brain for computation, and the heart for thought (control). In the Bitcoin network, the "heart" is its adaptive mechanical consensus. This is a breakthrough that neither Turing nor Go del anticipated. Perhaps, had they witnessed the emergence of Bitcoin, they would be exhilarated by its implications for the advancement of artificial intelligence.
The Satoshi Paradigm: The Inception of Mechanical Consensus and a New Technological Model
The birth of Bitcoin marks the emergence of an entirely new technological paradigm—the Satoshi Paradigm. In addressing the distributed trust problem, Satoshi Nakamoto created Bitcoin, a system based on adaptive mechanical consensus. He did not merely aim to create a digital currency but sought to establish a trust system that operates without centralized control. The Electronic Cash System was merely one experimental application of his broader vision.
This paradigm embodies the three core principles of Wiener's cybernetics: self-organizing systems, nonlinear dynamics, and the exploration of life's essence. The Bitcoin network, with its "Mechanical Heart," possesses the abilities of self-regulation, self-organization, and self-evolution. The self-organizing aspect is evident in the autonomous participation and collaboration of network nodes. Nonlinear dynamics are reflected in the network's complex and dynamic behaviors. The exploration of life's essence is manifested in the system's capacity for self-maintenance and evolution.
Drawing on Cross-Disciplinary Thought: The Resonance of Cybernetics, Information Theory, and Blockchain
Cybernetics and information theory provide crucial theoretical support for understanding Bitcoin and blockchain technology. Claude Shannon's A Mathematical Theory of Communication lays the groundwork for comprehending information transmission, signal processing, and the establishment of trust. Cybernetics emphasizes system feedback and self-regulation, which closely align with Bitcoin's adaptive mechanical consensus mechanism.
Moreover, by incorporating insights from other fields, we can examine the development of blockchain from a broader perspective. In artificial intelligence, self-learning and adaptive mechanisms can inspire improvements in consensus algorithms. Philosophical concepts like intersubjectivity help us understand the relationship between individuals and the collective in decentralized networks. In Buddhism, the notion of "seeing one's true nature" from the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch emphasizes attaining an understanding of the essence of things through self-realization, without clinging to superficial representations such as the hand that points to the moon. These ideas prompt us to consider the role of the "heart" and the impermanence of systems. Bitcoin's "Mechanical Heart" embodies this impermanence and emptiness, continuously self adjusting to maintain system stability and trustworthiness.
Expanding Applications: From Currency to Broader Social Governance
Bitcoin's success suggests that the application of decentralized control should not be confined to the realm of digital currencies. By constructing robust adaptive mechanical consensus mechanisms, we can potentially achieve decentralized trust and collaboration in various other fields.
Take constitutional law for example. Traditional interpretation and enforcement of constitutions rely on centralized institutions like courts and law enforcement agencies. Discrepancies in interpretations by different enforcers can lead to trust issues and inconsistent application. If we could employ a trustworthy decentralized consensus mechanism to interpret and enforce constitutional provisions, it might enhance fairness and consistency in the legal system. While this endeavor presents significant challenges, it holds profound significance, much like Satoshi Nakamoto's exploration of decentralized currency through Bitcoin.
Conclusion: Reconstructing Trust, Opening a New Chapter
In an era where information is overwhelmingly abundant, trust has become a scarce and invaluable resource. Bitcoin, through its adaptive mechanical consensus, has pioneered a global decentralized trust system, redefining how we collaborate and transact. We need to break free from our obsession with computational power and return to the essence of blockchain. By focusing on the realization of decentralized control and through Bitcoin’s “Mechanical Heart”, we can reconstruct humanity's trust mechanisms.
On this long journey of crypto, where each day feels like a year, we've travelled for so long yet the “Other Shore” seems far from reachable. We seem to have forgotten why we set out in the first place and what it takes to carry us further. Fortunately, there is still Bitcoin, like
the North Star hanging high in the sky, guiding us. As the song “Chapters” sings, “Don't let dark clouds cover the blue of the sky, don't let fate turn back the boat without a paddle.
Let us return to our original aspirations, back to Bitcoin, and open a new chapter.
